It sounds like a tough situation and I would never try to undermine that but sadly your best hope of changing things is... you. You have to block it, you have to control your temper. These people are looking for a reaction, you react, they get what they're looking for. It's a philosophy I use when arguing with people, I never raise my voice or change tone instead remaining monotone throughout, I may well be hurt by what's said but I won't show it. This doesn't mean you should retract your emotions from everyone, just don't let those out to intimidate you see them.
You have a girlfriend if I am right, and a couple of friends. You have foundations there, work it and use them as a channel to mingle with more people. I would never say it was easy, far from it but with your effort plus any help you can get from superiors at school etc it may help you.. who knows.